2Various researches have shown that Iran's educational system does not pay enough attention to cultural differences and mostly promotes the dominant and official national culture in an engineered way. The focus of these researches has been focused on the inputs of the educational system. The current research, relying on the mixed exploratory method, tried to examine both the inputs and educational processes in order to test the truth of this claim, whether such a claim is consistent with the reality in the educational system. In this way, in the qualitative part, first the teachers' lived experiences of the criteria that were considered for their selection and employment were analyzed (inputs), and then in the quantitative part, the teacher's success in the classroom was analyzed. It was predicted based on the mentioned criteria (processes). The findings of this research showed that scientific identity and ideological identity are valued in the recruitment of teachers, and because of this, criteria such as personal success, special privileges, and religious and moral foundations are put forward. However, it is only the teacher's personal success that can predict his success in the classroom. This shows that the ideological identity is only manifested in the inputs and is practically not institutionalized in the classroom and teaching processes. In this way, considering Iran's educational system as ideological does not match the realities of the educational system.

Analysis of existing drought management policies in some countries, including Iran, indicates that decision-makers mainly react to drought episodes through a crisis-management approach, instead of developing a comprehensive and long-term policies. One of the comprehensive programs is the drought risk management model adopted in the member state of the European Union (EU), which is based on the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). In the present study, the above-mentioned document along with the experiences of different countries faced with the drought crisis was analyzed in order to prepare a drought management plan for the country. This study is an applied research performed through library studies based on scientific and international resources. The results showed that in the process of drought management, creation of organizational capacity is the main factor to evaluate drought and its various effects on the community. This can only be achieved through the establishment of a Drought Independent Committee. On the other hand, drought management should be seen as a risk management process that emphasizes permanent monitoring of resources and observes climate change in the monitored area, rather than the onest of disaster as a crisis management. Drought management has been accepted by the international community in terms of risk management instead of crisis management. The proposed plan presented in this study is based on active drought management (risk management) that provides appropriate plans and preparedness for drought response, by offering long-term planning and forecasting.

Background: Pain Management is an important children right and a priority in treatment. Pain alleviation prevents severe complications and side effects and provides the children, a normal growth and development. Nurses are the key personnel who have the most interactions with pain experiencing children. They can prevent further problems by assessing and managing pain. Studying their experiences could play a valuable role in managing pain. The present study aimed at exploring the experiences of nurses of pain management in hospitalized children.Methods: A phenomenology study was recruited to conduct the study. In-depth interviews were undertaken with a theoretical purposive sample of 19 nurses working in medical-surgical and infection pediatric wards in a hospital in Esfahan. The data analysis using Coallizzi seven-stages method.Results: Nurses’ experiences were studied in two main areas of assessments and interventions. Three major themes were identified namely: the ability of detection, reaction and beliefs. The sub-themes included: being aware of pain reality, caregiver role, medication dependency, having tolerance, interpersonal interaction, beliefs regarding placebo, negative attitude to mother’s attendance during procedures.Conclusion: Nurses’ experiences reflect their abilities and knowledge of pain, the influential factors and understanding the mother role. Studying their experiences is a valuable contribution in better pain management. So, it’s necessary to pay more attention to the pain subject in nursing curriculum and providing pain management educational programme to train experienced nurses. The role of physician and their participation should be considered in managing children’s pain. The required facilities and condition for applying standards of pain management should be provided as well.

This article tries to study great powers' experiences, methods, and styles for international crises management in the past and the uses of them in the transition period of the international system and the complicated situation of the post - Cold War period. Obviously, experiences and approaches of the great powers regarding international crises management result from their respective military, political, and economic power and also their strategic culture. But what is important here is the developments in the structure of the international system. This article tries to answer the question that whether the structure of the international system has any effect on the great powers' decision-making structure regarding international crises management. This article examines the two characteristics of the crises occurred during the post-Cold War era: diversity of their range and their frequency. On the other hand, there are specific complexities in the great powers style of crises management in terms of their competition as well as cooperation for settling the crises. Finally, the commonalities and differences between crisis management methods employed by each great power during the post-Cold War era, are discussed. The driving force of great powers' special style for international crises management is their own interests and goals.

Introduction and objective: According to the definition of the World Health Organization, health in its various dimensions (physical, psychological, social and spiritual) is based on the environmental, social and cultural context of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the experiences and records of the health-centered activities of the city of Paris to promote Tehran's activities in this area and to overcome the weaknesses and management challenges in this regard. Methodology: by using the structured interview in this research, the principles and indicators were extracted from successful experiences of the city of Paris, which have been localized in the area of urban health. In this way, experts and stakeholders have considered these principles and their applicability in Tehran. Findings: The current status of Tehran is poorly, moderately well evaluated in some areas of the study of health in the city of Paris. The extent or applicability of these principles in Tehran is different from the viewpoint of the interviewees, in terms of each of these indicators and principles, and to provide suggested strategies and solutions in the form of a management model, the successful experiences of the city of Paris and The research foundations in the theoretical part have been reviewed. Conclusion: The adaptation of the performance of Tehran's health management with the experiences of the city of Paris in this area is not significantly proportional. From the four dimensions of the proposed pattern, only the environmental dimension is appropriate. The social dimension is moderate and two dimensions are economic and management and planning are weak.